Viruses of bees

Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV or APV)
	A Dicistroviridae (RNA). Antisera will cross-react with Kashmir bee virus Plays a role in CCD infested with Varroa Abnormal trembling in adult bees. Some paralysis that limits flight and bloated abdomens. Infected bees may be crawling on ground and up grass stems. Infected bees have reduced hair cover and appear black and shiny Death of the bees is rapid. Control - Destroy the colony and burn all bees and combs Do not reuse combs from infected colonies Sterilise the inside of the super by scorching with a blow torch Control Varroa
Chronic bee paralysis virus (CPBV)
	Abnormal trembling in adult bees. Some paralysis that limits flight and bloated abdomens. Infected bees may be crawling on ground and up grass stems. Infected bees have reduced hair cover and appear black and shiny Control - Destroy the colony and burn all bees and combs Do not reuse combs from infected colonies Sterilise the inside of the super by scorching with a blow torch. This is as yet an unclassified ovoid RNA virus.
Israel Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV)
	A Dicistroviridae (RNA). Plays a role in CCD. May be considered a marker.
Slow Paralysis virus (SPV)
	Dead shriveled larvae in sealed cells. Associated with Varroa Control – Destroy the colony and burn all bees and combs Do not reuse combs from infected colonies Sterilise the inside of the super by scorching with a blow torch Keep Varroa population under control. This is as yet an unclassified spherical RNA virus.
Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV)
	A Dicistroviridae (RNA). Cross-reacts with Acute Paralysis Bee Virus Varroa is a vector. This virus is often found in brood and adults. Control – Destroy the colony and burn all bees and combs Do not reuse combs from infected colonies Sterilise the inside of the super by scorching with a blow torch Keep Varroa population under control. This is as yet an unclassified spherical RNA virus.
Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV)
	A Dicistroviridae (RNA). Causes the queen larvae to turn back and die. Any queen which is born is of poor quality Associated with Nosema. Treatment – manage Nosema. Regular brood comb changes. May be assisted by the shook swam technique.
Deformed Wing Virus (DWV)
	Iflavirus – RNA. Associated with Varroa. May be a contributing factor in CCD. Varroa is a vector Bees have deformed or poorly developed wings. The pupae are infected as the white eye stage. Bees die from the virus Control – Destroy the colony and burn all bees and combs Do not reuse combs from infected colonies Sterilise the inside of the super by scorching with a blow torch Keep Varroa population under control
Cloudy wing virus (CWV)
	Varroa is a vector. Causes a loss of transparency of the wing when heavily affected. Individuals soon die. Occurs in 15% of UK hives. Control – Destroy the colony and burn all bees and combs Do not reuse combs from infected colonies Sterilise the inside of the super by scorching with a blow torch Keep Varroa population under control This is as yet an unclassified spherical RNA virus.
Sacbrood Virus (SBV) – Morator aetatulus
	Death occurs in larvae as they are about to pupate and are upright and the dead larvae are found in capped cells. Larvae change from pearly white to grey and finally black. Head development of the pupae is retarded and the head is darker than the rest of the body. When larvae removed from the cell they appear to be in a sac of water. The dead larvae (scales) are easy to remove. There is no characteristic odour. The colony spontaneously recovers. Queen bee exchange can be helpful.
Filamentous virus – also called the F-virus or bee rickettsiosis
	This is associated with Nosema. The virus multiplies in the fat bodies and ovarian tissues of workers. When severely affected the haemolymph become milky associated with the number of virus particles! Peak infection seen around May with a trough in September.
Bee Virus X
	This virus is associated with amoeba. It may shorten the bees life especially in late winter. This is as yet an unclassified spherical RNA virus.
Bee virus Y
	Associated with Nosema. No specific signs associated with the virus. Peak isolation occurs in the early summer. This is as yet an unclassified spherical RNA virus.
Varroa-destructor virus 1
	Iflavirus – RNA related to Deformed wing virus
KaKugo virus
	Iflavirus – RNA related to Deformed wing virus
Invertebrate Iridescent Virus (IIV)
	Iridiovirus DNA. Good correlation with US cases of CCD together with Nosema. Note IIV is found in strong colonies also. Type IIV-6 is called the Chilo virus.